BaZi Calculator: Four Pillars of Destiny Chart for Ugo Gussalli Beretta

Four Pillars of Destiny chart — Ugo Gussalli Beretta’s Career, Wealth, Relationships, and Marriage

Male, Born Sunday, 21 November 1937 at 17:35 (1937 十月十九酉时)
壬子 Ren Zi (Yang Water Rat) Day Pillar

Hour 时

Day 日

Month 月

Year 年

己 Ji

Yin Earth 土

Spleen, Stomach

官 Zheng Guan (Direct Officer)

壬 Ren

Yang Water 水

Kidney, Bladder

辛 Xin

Yin Metal 金

Lung, Large Intestines

印 Zheng-yin (Direct Resource)

丁 Ding

Yin Fire 火

Heart, Blood, Small Intestines

財 Zheng Cai (Direct Wealth)

酉 You (Rooster)

Yin Metal

Lung, Large Intestines

辛金印 Zheng-yin (Direct Resource)

时日相破

子 Zi (Rat)

Yin Water

Kidney, Bladder

癸水劫 Jie Cai (Rob Wealth)

日时相破

亥 Hai (Pig)

Yang Water

Kidney, Bladder

壬水比 Bi Jian (Friend)

甲木食 Shi Shen (Food God)

丑 Chou (Ox)

Yin Earth

Spleen, Stomach

己土官 Zheng Guan (Direct Officer)

癸水劫 Jie Cai (Rob Wealth)

辛金印 Zheng-yin (Direct Resource)

Early Childhood Period (童限 Tong Xian), Age 1 to 5

1 1937	2 1938	3 1939	4 1940	5 1941
Age 1 in 1937 丁 Ding (Yin Fire), 丑 Chou (Ox). Fire produces Earth → Draining; Fire controls Water → Dominating; Metal controls Fire → Restricting. 丁 Ding Yin Fire 火財 Zheng Cai (Direct Wealth) 丑 Chou (Ox) Yin Earth 己土官 Zheng Guan (Direct Officer) 癸水劫 Jie Cai (Rob Wealth) 辛金印 Zheng-yin (Direct Resource)	Age 2 in 1938 戊 Wu (Yang Earth), 寅 Yin (Tiger). Earth controls Wood → Dominating; Fire produces Earth → Supportive; Same element (Earth) → Companion/Resource. 戊 Wu Yang Earth 土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings) 寅 Yin (Tiger) Yang Wood 甲木食 Shi Shen (Food God) 丙火才 Pian Cai (Indirect Wealth) 戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings)	Age 3 in 1939 己 Ji (Yin Earth), 卯 Mao (Rabbit). Earth controls Wood → Dominating. 己 Ji Yin Earth 土官 Zheng Guan (Direct Officer) 卯 Mao (Rabbit) Yin Wood 乙木伤 Shang Guan (Hurting Officer)	Age 4 in 1940 庚 Geng (Yang Metal), 辰 Chen (Dragon). Earth produces Metal → Supportive; Wood controls Metal → Restricting; Metal produces Water → Draining. 庚 Geng Yang Metal 金卩 Pian Yin (Indirect Resource) 辰 Chen (Dragon) Yang Earth 戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings) 乙木伤 Shang Guan (Hurting Officer) 癸水劫 Jie Cai (Rob Wealth)	Age 5 in 1941 辛 Xin (Yin Metal), 巳 Si (Snake). Metal controls Fire → Dominating; Earth produces Metal → Supportive; Same element (Metal) → Companion/Resource. 辛 Xin Yin Metal 金印 Zheng-yin (Direct Resource) 巳 Si (Snake) Yang Fire 丙火才 Pian Cai (Indirect Wealth) 戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings) 庚金卩 Pian Yin (Indirect Resource)

The DaYun 10-Year Luck Pillars (十年大运 Shi Nian DaYun)

When each DaYun 10-Year Luck Pillar Starts

Each DaYun begins on 31 of May of the first Solar year in its cycle.

In BaZi, the Solar Year starts from Li Chun (usually around February 4), not January 1. This means: If your DaYun starts on January 18, that date still falls before Li Chun, so it belongs to the previous Solar Year — even though it's already the second calendar year of your DaYun.
In other words, January 18 of the second calendar year is still considered part of the first year of your DaYun, because Li Chun hasn't arrived yet.
This distinction is crucial when analyzing annual influences. Always align your year-by-year breakdown with the Solar calendar, not the Western calendar.
In traditional Chinese age reckoning (虚岁 Xu Sui). Someone born in 2024 would be considered age 2 in 2025. This system starts at age 1 at birth and adds a year at each Lunar New Year, not on the birthday.

1st Luck Pillar (1942–1951): 庚戌 (Geng Xu) Starting Age 6

6 1942

庚 Geng

Yang Metal 金

卩 Pian Yin (Indirect Resource)

戌 Xu (Dog)

Yang Earth

戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings)

辛金印 Zheng-yin (Direct Resource)

丁火財 Zheng Cai (Direct Wealth)

2nd Luck Pillar (1952–1961): 己酉 (Ji You) Starting Age 16

16 1952

己 Ji

Yin Earth 土

官 Zheng Guan (Direct Officer)

酉 You (Rooster)

Yin Metal

辛金印 Zheng-yin (Direct Resource)

3rd Luck Pillar (1962–1971): 戊申 (Wu Shen) Starting Age 26

26 1962

戊 Wu

Yang Earth 土

杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings)

申 Shen (Monkey)

Yang Metal

庚金卩 Pian Yin (Indirect Resource)

壬水比 Bi Jian (Friend)

戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings)

4th Luck Pillar (1972–1981): 丁未 (Ding Wei) Starting Age 36

36 1972

丁 Ding

Yin Fire 火

財 Zheng Cai (Direct Wealth)

未 Wei (Ram)

Yin Earth

己土官 Zheng Guan (Direct Officer)

丁火財 Zheng Cai (Direct Wealth)

乙木伤 Shang Guan (Hurting Officer)

5th Luck Pillar (1982–1991): 丙午 (Bing Wu) Starting Age 46

46 1982

丙 Bing

Yang Fire 火

才 Pian Cai (Indirect Wealth)

午 Wu (Horse)

Yin Fire

丁火財 Zheng Cai (Direct Wealth)

己土官 Zheng Guan (Direct Officer)

6th Luck Pillar (1992–2001): 乙巳 (Yi Si) Starting Age 56

56 1992

乙 Yi

Yin Wood 木

伤 Shang Guan (Hurting Officer)

巳 Si (Snake)

Yang Fire

丙火才 Pian Cai (Indirect Wealth)

戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings)

庚金卩 Pian Yin (Indirect Resource)

7th Luck Pillar (2002–2011): 甲辰 (Jia Chen) Starting Age 66

66 2002

甲 Jia

Yang Wood 木

食 Shi Shen (Food God)

辰 Chen (Dragon)

Yang Earth

戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings)

乙木伤 Shang Guan (Hurting Officer)

癸水劫 Jie Cai (Rob Wealth)

8th Luck Pillar (2012–2021): 癸卯 (Gui Mao) Starting Age 76

76 2012

癸 Gui

Yin Water 水

劫 Jie Cai (Rob Wealth)

卯 Mao (Rabbit)

Yin Wood

乙木伤 Shang Guan (Hurting Officer)

Current 9th Luck Pillar (2022–2031): 壬寅 (Ren Yin) Starting Age 86

86 2022

壬 Ren

Yang Water 水

比 Bi Jian (Friend)

寅 Yin (Tiger)

Yang Wood

甲木食 Shi Shen (Food God)

丙火才 Pian Cai (Indirect Wealth)

戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings)

Current 9th Luck Pillar (2022–2031): Year-by-Year Luck

86 in 2022 86 2022	87 in 2023 87 2023	88 in 2024 88 2024	89 in 2025 89 2025	90 in 2026 90 2026	91 in 2027 91 2027	92 in 2028 92 2028	93 in 2029 93 2029	94 in 2030 94 2030	95 in 2031 95 2031
Age 86 in 2022 壬 Ren (Yang Water), 寅 Yin (Tiger). Water produces Wood → Draining; Fire controls Water → Restricting; Water controls Earth → Dominating. 壬 Ren Yang Water 水比 Bi Jian (Friend) 寅 Yin (Tiger) Yang Wood 甲木食 Shi Shen (Food God) 丙火才 Pian Cai (Indirect Wealth) 戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings)	Age 87 in 2023 癸 Gui (Yin Water), 卯 Mao (Rabbit). Water produces Wood → Draining. 癸 Gui Yin Water 水劫 Jie Cai (Rob Wealth) 卯 Mao (Rabbit) Yin Wood 乙木伤 Shang Guan (Hurting Officer)	Age 88 in 2024 甲 Jia (Yang Wood), 辰 Chen (Dragon). Earth controls Wood → Restricting; Same element (Wood) → Companion/Resource; Water produces Wood → Supportive. 甲 Jia Yang Wood 木食 Shi Shen (Food God) 辰 Chen (Dragon) Yang Earth 戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings) 乙木伤 Shang Guan (Hurting Officer) 癸水劫 Jie Cai (Rob Wealth)	Age 89 in 2025 乙 Yi (Yin Wood), 巳 Si (Snake). Wood produces Fire → Draining; Earth controls Wood → Restricting; Wood controls Metal → Dominating. 乙 Yi Yin Wood 木伤 Shang Guan (Hurting Officer) 巳 Si (Snake) Yang Fire 丙火才 Pian Cai (Indirect Wealth) 戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings) 庚金卩 Pian Yin (Indirect Resource)	Age 90 in 2026 丙 Bing (Yang Fire), 午 Wu (Horse). Same element (Fire) → Companion/Resource; Fire produces Earth → Draining. 丙 Bing Yang Fire 火才 Pian Cai (Indirect Wealth) 午 Wu (Horse) Yin Fire 丁火財 Zheng Cai (Direct Wealth) 己土官 Zheng Guan (Direct Officer)	Age 91 in 2027 丁 Ding (Yin Fire), 未 Wei (Goat). Fire produces Earth → Draining; Wood produces Fire → Supportive; Same element (Fire) → Companion/Resource. 丁 Ding Yin Fire 火財 Zheng Cai (Direct Wealth) 未 Wei (Ram) Yin Earth 己土官 Zheng Guan (Direct Officer) 丁火財 Zheng Cai (Direct Wealth) 乙木伤 Shang Guan (Hurting Officer)	Age 92 in 2028 戊 Wu (Yang Earth), 申 Shen (Monkey). Earth produces Metal → Draining; Water controls Earth → Restricting; Same element (Earth) → Companion/Resource. 戊 Wu Yang Earth 土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings) 申 Shen (Monkey) Yang Metal 庚金卩 Pian Yin (Indirect Resource) 壬水比 Bi Jian (Friend) 戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings)	Age 93 in 2029 己 Ji (Yin Earth), 酉 You (Rooster). Earth produces Metal → Draining. 己 Ji Yin Earth 土官 Zheng Guan (Direct Officer) 酉 You (Rooster) Yin Metal 辛金印 Zheng-yin (Direct Resource)	Age 94 in 2030 庚 Geng (Yang Metal), 戌 Xu (Dog). Earth produces Metal → Supportive; Same element (Metal) → Companion/Resource; Metal controls Fire → Dominating. 庚 Geng Yang Metal 金卩 Pian Yin (Indirect Resource) 戌 Xu (Dog) Yang Earth 戊土杀 Qi Sha (Seven Killings) 辛金印 Zheng-yin (Direct Resource) 丁火財 Zheng Cai (Direct Wealth)	Age 95 in 2031 辛 Xin (Yin Metal), 亥 Hai (Pig). Metal produces Water → Draining; Wood controls Metal → Restricting. 辛 Xin Yin Metal 金印 Zheng-yin (Direct Resource) 亥 Hai (Pig) Yang Water 壬水比 Bi Jian (Friend) 甲木食 Shi Shen (Food God)

10th Luck Pillar (2032–2041): 辛丑 (Xin Chou) Starting Age 96

96 2032

辛 Xin

Yin Metal 金

印 Zheng-yin (Direct Resource)

丑 Chou (Ox)

Yin Earth

己土官 Zheng Guan (Direct Officer)

癸水劫 Jie Cai (Rob Wealth)

辛金印 Zheng-yin (Direct Resource)

BaZi Calculator – Four Pillars of Destiny: Year, Month, Day, Hour (年柱, 月柱, 日柱, 時柱)

Hour Pillar (时柱): 己酉 Ji You (Yin Earth Rooster) Hour Pillar

Hour Pillar (时柱) – Represents your children, late life, and ambitions. The Hour Branch shows your children or descendants, while the Hour Pillar (Stem and Branch) can reflect your later-life goals and personal aspirations.

Heavenly Stem: 己 Ji Earth – The Farmland

Fertile soil that nurtures and sustains life.

Favorable vs. Unfavorable Traits

When Earth is favorable:
Caring, adaptable, practical, and resourceful. Ji people are natural problem-solvers and supporters.

When Earth is unfavorable:
Worrisome, insecure, or easily overwhelmed by details. They can become bogged down by overthinking or self-doubt.

Earthly Branch: 酉 You Rooster

Hidden Stem (藏干)

辛 (Metal)

Favorable vs. Unfavorable Traits

When Metal is favorable:
The Rooster symbolizes precision, order, and confidence. It values structure, discipline, and clarity. When favorable, the Rooster provides focus, responsibility, and the ability to bring order to chaos. Its Metal energy sharpens intelligence and communication.
When Metal is unfavorable:
When unfavorable, the Rooster can be critical, arrogant, or overly perfectionist. It may become self-centered or vain, focusing too much on appearances. In BaZi, the Rooster’s sharp Metal influence can either refine or cut depending on elemental balance.

Element Interaction: 己 Ji with 酉 You Rooster

Ji 己 sitting on You 酉 (Xin 辛)

Relationship:
Earth produces Metal → Draining
Outcome:
Varied

Compatibility: 酉 You Rooster

六合 (Six Harmonies) with Dragon
三合 (Three Harmonies) with Ox, Snake, Rooster
六冲 (Six Clashes) with Rabbit

Day Pillar (日柱): 壬子 Ren Zi (Yang Water Rat)

The Day Stem (天干) is your Day Master (日元 or 日主), representing your core personality, energy, and essence. The Day Branch (地支) is the Spouse Palace (配偶宫 or 夫妻宫), showing your marriage and spouse-related tendencies.

Heavenly Stem: 壬 Ren Water – The Ocean

Boundless ocean, rivers, and rainstorms — powerful and deep.

Favorable vs. Unfavorable Traits

When Water is favorable:
Intelligent, broad-minded, and resourceful. Ren individuals are visionaries who think globally and flow around obstacles.

When Water is unfavorable:
Overwhelming, unfocused, or chaotic. Their vast energy can flood others when not contained.

Earthly Branch: 子 Zi Rat

Hidden Stem (藏干)

癸 (Water)

Favorable vs. Unfavorable Traits

When Water is favorable:
The Rat is known for intelligence, adaptability, and quick thinking. As the first of the Zodiac, it represents new beginnings, fertility, and resourcefulness. Favorably placed, the Rat brings strategic vision, charm in communication, and the ability to build networks easily. Its Water nature supports wisdom, insight, and flexibility in decision-making.
When Water is unfavorable:
When unfavorable, however, the Rat’s energy can manifest as overthinking, restlessness, and emotional instability. It may bring scheming behavior or excessive caution that prevents progress. In BaZi, whether the Rat’s Water influence nurtures or overwhelms depends on its balance with other elements.

Element Interaction: 壬 Ren with 子 Zi Rat

Ren 壬 sitting on Zi 子 (Gui 癸)

Relationship:
Same element (Water) → Companion/Resource
Outcome:
Varied

Compatibility: 子 Zi Rat

六合 (Six Harmonies) with Ox
三合 (Three Harmonies) with Rat, Dragon, Monkey
六冲 (Six Clashes) with Horse

Month Pillar (月柱): 辛亥 Xin Hai (Yin Metal Pig)

The Month Branch (地支) reflects your parents (父母宮) and family environment. This pillar indicates nurturing, support, and early education.

Heavenly Stem: 辛 Xin Metal – The Jewel

Refined metal — jewelry, ornaments, precision tools.

Favorable vs. Unfavorable Traits

When Metal is favorable:
Elegant, meticulous, and tasteful. Xin people appreciate art, quality, and moral integrity.

When Metal is unfavorable:
Overly critical, vain, or fragile under stress. May hide vulnerability behind beauty or perfectionism.

Earthly Branch: 亥 Hai Pig

Hidden Stem (藏干)

壬 (Water)
甲 (Wood)

Favorable vs. Unfavorable Traits

When Water is favorable:
The Pig is associated with generosity, honesty, and kindness. It represents abundance, compassion, and an easygoing nature. When favorable, the Pig brings sincerity, optimism, and a warm spirit. Its Water element supports wisdom and emotional depth, while hidden Wood encourages growth.
When Water is unfavorable:
When unfavorable, the Pig can be naive, indulgent, or overly trusting. It may lack boundaries, making it vulnerable to manipulation. In BaZi, the Pig’s influence may either nurture or weaken depending on whether Water and Wood are balanced in the chart.

Element Interaction: 辛 Xin with 亥 Hai Pig

Xin 辛 sitting on Hai 亥 (Ren 壬, Jia 甲)

Relationship:
Metal produces Water → Draining; Wood controls Metal → Restricting
Outcome:
Challenging

Compatibility: 亥 Hai Pig

六合 (Six Harmonies) with Tiger
三合 (Three Harmonies) with Rabbit, Goat, Pig
六冲 (Six Clashes) with Snake

Year Pillar (年柱): 丁丑 Ding Chou (Yin Fire Ox)

The Year Branch (地支) shows grandparents or early family heritage. The Year Stem (天干) also represents your self, especially inherited traits or early life influences.

Heavenly Stem: 丁 Ding Fire – The Candlelight

Gentle fire from candles or hearths — soft but illuminating.

Favorable vs. Unfavorable Traits

When Fire is favorable:
Thoughtful, cultured, and insightful. Ding people bring emotional warmth, refinement, and clarity to situations.

When Fire is unfavorable:
Overly sensitive, moody, or passive-aggressive. Their flame may flicker when they lack recognition or support.

Earthly Branch: 丑 Chou Ox

Hidden Stem (藏干)

己 (Earth)
癸 (Water)
辛 (Metal)

Favorable vs. Unfavorable Traits

When Earth is favorable:
The Ox represents endurance, patience, and strength. It is associated with stability and the ability to achieve success through consistent effort. In favorable conditions, the Ox provides grounding energy, persistence in career, and reliability in relationships. Its Earth influence is nurturing and steady, bringing structure to life.
When Earth is unfavorable:
When unfavorable, the Ox can be stubborn, resistant to change, or overly conservative. This can lead to missed opportunities or inflexibility in personal growth. In BaZi, the Ox’s hidden stems (Xin Metal, Gui Water, Ji Earth) reveal complex layers of support or conflict depending on the Day Master.

Element Interaction: 丁 Ding with 丑 Chou Ox

Ding 丁 sitting on Chou 丑 (Ji 己, Gui 癸, Xin 辛)

Relationship:
Fire produces Earth → Draining; Fire controls Water → Dominating; Metal controls Fire → Restricting
Outcome:
Challenging

Compatibility: 丑 Chou Ox

六合 (Six Harmonies) with Rat
三合 (Three Harmonies) with Ox, Snake, Rooster
六冲 (Six Clashes) with Goat

✅ Sample of a complete BaZi

Ugo Gussalli Beretta's BaZi Chart reveals the intricate alignment of the Four Pillars of Destiny — Year, Month, Day, and Hour. Through this BaZi Calculator, it is possible to explore how the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches interact to shape personality, career path, and relationships. Each pillar offers insight into innate strengths, elemental harmony, and life potential. Above, a deeper look at the BaZi Profiling shows how these cosmic patterns influence success, emotional world, and destiny journey.

Where to Learn More About BaZi Four Pillars of Destiny

This BaZi Calculator generates your Four Pillars of Destiny birth chart based on your birth details. Our calculator shows the following.

Thank you for using our BaZi Calculator: Four Pillars of Destiny Chart for Ugo Gussalli Beretta.

Male, Born Sunday, 21 November 1937 at 17:35 (1937 十月 十九 酉时) 壬 子 Ren Zi (Yang Water Rat) Day Pillar

Early Childhood Period (童限 Tong Xian), Age 1 to 5

The DaYun 10-Year Luck Pillars (十年大运 Shi Nian DaYun)

When each DaYun 10-Year Luck Pillar Starts

1st Luck Pillar (1942–1951): 庚戌 (Geng Xu) Starting Age 6

2nd Luck Pillar (1952–1961): 己酉 (Ji You) Starting Age 16

3rd Luck Pillar (1962–1971): 戊申 (Wu Shen) Starting Age 26

4th Luck Pillar (1972–1981): 丁未 (Ding Wei) Starting Age 36

5th Luck Pillar (1982–1991): 丙午 (Bing Wu) Starting Age 46

6th Luck Pillar (1992–2001): 乙巳 (Yi Si) Starting Age 56

7th Luck Pillar (2002–2011): 甲辰 (Jia Chen) Starting Age 66

8th Luck Pillar (2012–2021): 癸卯 (Gui Mao) Starting Age 76

Current 9th Luck Pillar (2022–2031): 壬寅 (Ren Yin) Starting Age 86

Current 9th Luck Pillar (2022–2031): Year-by-Year Luck

10th Luck Pillar (2032–2041): 辛丑 (Xin Chou) Starting Age 96

BaZi Calculator – Four Pillars of Destiny: Year, Month, Day, Hour (年柱, 月柱, 日柱, 時柱)

Hour Pillar (时柱): 己酉 Ji You (Yin Earth Rooster) Hour Pillar

Heavenly Stem: 己 Ji Earth – The Farmland

Fertile soil that nurtures and sustains life.

Favorable vs. Unfavorable Traits When Earth is favorable: Caring, adaptable, practical, and resourceful. Ji people are natural problem-solvers and supporters. When Earth is unfavorable: Worrisome, insecure, or easily overwhelmed by details. They can become bogged down by overthinking or self-doubt.

Earthly Branch: 酉 You Rooster

Element Interaction: 己 Ji with 酉 You Rooster

Compatibility: 酉 You Rooster

Day Pillar (日柱): 壬子 Ren Zi (Yang Water Rat)

Heavenly Stem: 壬 Ren Water – The Ocean

Boundless ocean, rivers, and rainstorms — powerful and deep.

Favorable vs. Unfavorable Traits When Water is favorable: Intelligent, broad-minded, and resourceful. Ren individuals are visionaries who think globally and flow around obstacles. When Water is unfavorable: Overwhelming, unfocused, or chaotic. Their vast energy can flood others when not contained.

Earthly Branch: 子 Zi Rat

Element Interaction: 壬 Ren with 子 Zi Rat

Compatibility: 子 Zi Rat

Month Pillar (月柱): 辛亥 Xin Hai (Yin Metal Pig)

Heavenly Stem: 辛 Xin Metal – The Jewel

Refined metal — jewelry, ornaments, precision tools.

Favorable vs. Unfavorable Traits When Metal is favorable: Elegant, meticulous, and tasteful. Xin people appreciate art, quality, and moral integrity. When Metal is unfavorable: Overly critical, vain, or fragile under stress. May hide vulnerability behind beauty or perfectionism.

Earthly Branch: 亥 Hai Pig

Element Interaction: 辛 Xin with 亥 Hai Pig

Compatibility: 亥 Hai Pig

Year Pillar (年柱): 丁丑 Ding Chou (Yin Fire Ox)

Heavenly Stem: 丁 Ding Fire – The Candlelight

Gentle fire from candles or hearths — soft but illuminating.

Earthly Branch: 丑 Chou Ox

Element Interaction: 丁 Ding with 丑 Chou Ox

Compatibility: 丑 Chou Ox

Where to Learn More About BaZi Four Pillars of Destiny

Male, Born Sunday, 21 November 1937 at 17:35 (1937 十月十九酉时)
壬子 Ren Zi (Yang Water Rat) Day Pillar

Favorable vs. Unfavorable Traits

When Metal is favorable:
Elegant, meticulous, and tasteful. Xin people appreciate art, quality, and moral integrity.

When Metal is unfavorable:
Overly critical, vain, or fragile under stress. May hide vulnerability behind beauty or perfectionism.